AI for Scientific Discovery
From AlphaFold to transformer architectures — explore the landmark breakthroughs and tools accelerating AI-driven research.
Milestones That Changed AI
Transformer Architecture
The "Attention Is All You Need" paper introduced transformers — the foundation of every modern LLM including GPT, Claude, and Gemini.
GPT-3 & Few-Shot Learning
GPT-3's 175B parameters demonstrated that scale alone could unlock emergent capabilities like in-context learning without fine-tuning.
AlphaFold 2
AlphaFold solved the 50-year protein folding problem, predicting 3D structures for virtually every known protein — transforming drug discovery.
Frontier Models Era
GPT-4, Claude 3, Gemini Ultra, and Llama 3 pushed AI into professional domains — medicine, law, coding, and scientific research.
AI Research Platforms
Every major platform for finding, analyzing, and building on AI research — from paper search to protein folding.
Perplexity AI
FreemiumAI search engine with cited sources. The best tool for real-time research with academic-grade references.
Elicit
FreemiumAI research assistant that searches academic papers, extracts data, and synthesizes findings across studies.
Semantic Scholar
FreeAI-powered academic search engine from Allen Institute for AI. Covers 200M+ scientific papers.
Consensus
FreemiumAI-powered search that finds answers from peer-reviewed papers. Get evidence-based insights instantly.
ResearchRabbit
FreeAI literature mapping tool that visualizes connections between papers and discovers related research.
Connected Papers
FreemiumVisual graph explorer for academic papers. Discover papers based on citation networks and similarity.
NotebookLM (Google)
FreeAI research assistant that grounds responses in your uploaded sources — papers, PDFs, and notes.
Scite.ai
FreemiumShows how papers have been cited — whether supporting or contrasting findings. Essential for literature review.
Hugging Face Papers
FreeDaily AI research papers with community discussion and links to models, datasets, and demos.
Arxiv Sanity
FreeML paper recommender and search engine built on top of arXiv. Filter and rank papers by popularity and recency.
AlphaFold (DeepMind)
FreeDeepMind's protein structure prediction system. Revolutionized structural biology with near-atomic accuracy.
Claude for Research
FreemiumAnthropic's Claude excels at long-document analysis, 200K context windows, and nuanced scientific reasoning.